Normal Anatomy of the Elbow
Normal Anatomy of the Elbow web based movie
The arm in the human body is made up of three bones that join together to form a hinge joint called the elbow. The upper arm bone or humerus connects from the shoulder to the elbow forming the top of the hinge joint. The lower arm or forearm consists of two bones, the radius and the ulna. These bones connect the wrist to the elbow forming the bottom portion of the hinge joint.
The elbow joint is actually three separate joints surrounded by a watertight sac called a joint capsule. This capsule surrounds the elbow joint and contains lubricating fluid called synovial fluid.
- Humerus
- Ulna
- Radius
The three joints of the elbow include:
- Ulnohumeral joint is where movement between the ulna and humerus occurs.
- Radiohumeral joint is where movement between the radius and humerus occurs.
- Proximal radioulnar joint is where movement between the radius and ulna occurs.
Our elbow is held in place and supported by various soft tissues.
- Cartilage
Shiny and smooth, cartilage allows smooth movement where two bones come in contact with each other.
- Tendons
Tendons are soft tissue that connects muscles to bones to provide support.
- Biceps Tendon
- Triceps Tendon
- Lateral Epicondyle
- Medial Epicondyle
- Ligaments
Ligaments are strong rope like tissue that connects bones to other bones and help hold tendons in place providing stability to joints. Ligaments around the elbow join to form a watertight sac called a joint capsule. This capsule surrounds the elbow joint and contains lubricating fluid called synovial fluid.br
There are four main ligaments in the elbow.
- Medial collateral ligament
- Lateral collateral ligament
- Annular ligament
- Quadrate ligament
- Muscles
Muscles are fibrous tissue capable of contracting to cause body movement.
- Biceps
- Triceps
- Brachialis
- Wrist extensors
- Wrist flexors
- Nerves
Nerves are responsible for carrying signals back and forth from the brain to muscles in our body, enabling movement and sensation such as touch, pain, and hot or cold.
The three main nerves of the arm are:
- Radial nerve
- Ulnar nerve
- Median nerve
All three nerves begin at the shoulder and travel down the arm across the elbow.
- Blood Vessels
The main vessel of the arm is the brachial artery. This artery travels across the inside of the elbow at the bend and then splits into two branches below the elbow.
These branches are:
Radial Artery: The radial artery is the largest artery supplying the hand and wrist area. Traveling across the front of the wrist, nearest the thumb, it is this artery that is palpated when a pulse is counted at the wrist.
Ulnar Artery: The ulnar artery travels next to the ulnar nerve through Guyon’s canal in the wrist. It supplies blood flow to the front of the hand, fingers and thumb.
- Bursae
Bursae are small fluid filled sacs that decrease friction between tendons and bone or skin. Bursae contain special cells called synovial cells that secrete a lubricating fluid. When this fluid becomes infected, a common painful condition known as Bursitis can develop.